The basic English sentence

The basic structure of an English sentence is subject + finite verb. This is called a [clause].
Rain fell.

A sentence can also have [adverbs] and [adjectives].
Rain fell heavily.
Cats eat fresh meat.
You seem happy at the moment.

A sentence can have more than one [clause] if it uses [conjunctions] to join them.
Rain fell heavily and I got wet.
Cat eat meat whenever they can.
You seem happy, which is good.