Verb type

English has different types of verbs. The two main types are “intransitive” (verbs without noun complements after them) and “transitive” (verbs with noun complements).

Intransitive
An intransitive verb does not have a noun object.
It happens.
We walked.

Some intransitive verbs need (adjective) complements.
They seem happy.
He looked sad.

An intransitive verb cannot have a noun object, but we can add an (adverbial) (prepositional phrase): a preposition and a noun.
I looked at the book.
She listens to classical music.

Transitive
A transitive verb must have a noun object.
You said something.
I bought a shirt.

We can also add an adverbial prepositional phrase after a transitive verb and its object.
You said something to him.
I bought a shirt at the market.

Some verbs can have an object and an adjective complement, or even two objects.
That makes me sleepy.
We made her president.